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Что (кто) такое SQL - определение

RELATIONAL DATABASE LANGUAGE THAT ALLOWS TO EXTRACT FROM DATA TABLES A SERIES OF RECORDS WITH SELECTION, SORTING AND COMPUTATION CRITERIA, OR TO UPDATE, DELETE OR ADD NEW RECORDS

SQL programming language; SQL language; Structured Query Language; Structured query language; SQL keywords; Sql; Comment (SQL); Grant (SQL); SQL database; SEQUEL; SQL script; SQL Servers; Transaction Control Language; SQL (programming language); SQL datatypes; SQL functions; Structure Query Language; SQL data types; .sql; Revoke (SQL); Sql types; ANSI SQL; Procedural SQL; Alternatives to SQL; Criticism of SQL; Distributed SQL processing; History of SQL; ISO/IEC TR 19075; Data types in SQL; Procedural extensions to SQL; Interoperability of SQL statements

SQL

Structured Query Language (Reference: ISO 9075, DB, 4GL)

SQL

<language, database, standard> /S Q L/ An industry-standard language for creating, updating and, querying {relational database management systems}. SQL was developed by IBM in the 1970s for use in System R. It is the de facto standard as well as being an ISO and ANSI standard. It is often embedded in general purpose programming languages. The first SQL standard, in 1986, provided basic language constructs for defining and manipulating tables of data; a revision in 1989 added language extensions for {referential integrity} and generalised integrity constraints. Another revision in 1992 provided facilities for schema manipulation and data administration, as well as substantial enhancements for data definition and data manipulation. Development is currently underway to enhance SQL into a computationally complete language for the definition and management of persistent, complex objects. This includes: generalisation and specialisation hierarchies, {multiple inheritance}, user defined data types, triggers and assertions, support for knowledge based systems, recursive query expressions, and additional data administration tools. It also includes the specification of abstract data types (ADTs), object identifiers, methods, inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and all of the other facilities normally associated with object data management. The emerging SQL3 standard is expected to be complete in 1998. According to Allen G. Taylor, SQL does __not__ stand for "Structured Query Language". That, like "SEQUEL" (and its pronunciation /see'kw*l/), was just another unofficial name for a precursor of SQL. However, the IBM SQL Reference manual for DB2 and Craig Mullins's "DB2 Developer's Guide" say SQL __does__ stand for "Structured Query Language". SQL Standards (http://jcc.com/sql_stnd.html). {An SQL parser (ftp://ftp.ora.com/published/oreilly/nutshell/lexyacc/)} is described in "Lex & Yacc", by Levine, Mason & Brown published by O'Reilly. {The 1995 SQL Reunion: People, Projects, and Politics (http://mcjones.org/System_R/SQL_Reunion_95/)}. ["A Guide to the SQL Standard", C.J. Date, A-W 1987]. ["SQL for Dummies", Allen G. Taylor, IDG Books Worldwide]. (2005-11-17)

SQL

¦ abbreviation Computing Structured Query Language, an international standard for database manipulation.

Википедия

SQL

Structured Query Language, abbreviated as SQL ( (listen) S-Q-L, sometimes "sequel" for historical reasons), is a domain-specific language used in programming and designed for managing data held in a relational database management system (RDBMS), or for stream processing in a relational data stream management system (RDSMS). It is particularly useful in handling structured data, i.e. data incorporating relations among entities and variables.

SQL offers two main advantages over older read–write APIs such as ISAM or VSAM. Firstly, it introduced the concept of accessing many records with one single command. Secondly, it eliminates the need to specify how to reach a record, e.g. with or without an index.

Originally based upon relational algebra and tuple relational calculus, SQL consists of many types of statements, which may be informally classed as sublanguages, commonly: a data query language (DQL), a data definition language (DDL), a data control language (DCL), and a data manipulation language (DML). The scope of SQL includes data query, data manipulation (insert, update, and delete), data definition (schema creation and modification), and data access control. Although SQL is essentially a declarative language (4GL), it also includes procedural elements.

SQL was one of the first commercial languages to use Edgar F. Codd’s relational model. The model was described in his influential 1970 paper, "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks". Despite not entirely adhering to the relational model as described by Codd, it became the most widely used database language.

SQL became a standard of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1986 and of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in 1987. Since then, the standard has been revised to include a larger set of features. Despite the existence of standards, most SQL code requires at least some changes before being ported to different database systems.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQL

Примеры употребления для SQL

1. But it did not create widespread havoc like software programs such as SQL Slammer and MyDoom.

2. Sarma M.V.K, Head – Product Development, DecisionWorks, Ramco Systems said, "We decided to port DecisionWorks to SQL 2005 because of the rich Business Intelligence (BI) enhancements and high scalability offered in SQL 2005.

3. Others, like SQL Injection, can break into a network and obtain confidential information such as passwords and credit–card information.

4. The worms did not cause widespread havoc along the lines of previous malicious software programs like SQL Slammer and MyDoom.

5. Meanwhile, the launch of the latest version of the SQL Server database software pushed revenues in the server and tools division up 14 per cent, to $2.'07bn.